Monday, August 25, 2008

Re Project Anthrax & the Cover-Up - Stephen Hatfill, the Selous Scouts & the Previous Anthrax Mailings in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe

This letter from "A Rhodesian" is angry - but that's fine, because it's over an issue that I was aware of and have been meaning to explain. Actually, I understand the writer's rage and would feel the same way in his place - that is, if I also adopted a position of knee-jerk denial concerning Stephen Hatfill's checkered residence in Rhodesia:

"Steven Hatfill was never in the Rhodesian SAS you can go to their website and you will see his name in the roll of dishonour. ... Get your facts right before bursting into print with absolute nonsense." - A Rhodesian

As explained in "Project Anthrax & the Cover-Up," Hatfill WAS in Rhodesia and worked in academia - these details in his resumé were not fabricated and they have been confirmed by the NY Times - sent there on the recommendation of a neo-Nazi. Hatfill boasted that he ran with the Selous Scouts, who were, according to all evidence, responsible for maiing anthrax spores to black areas in Zimbabwe, leading to an outbreak that was devastating to BLACKS exclusively. The SS denies any connection to Hatfill - but they also deny participation in the anthrax outbreak and many other atrocities.

This is not the reason why I'm certain that Hatfill was telling the partial truth, however - one of whom wrote to inform me directly that he doesn't remember a Stephen Hatfill.

I don't doubt it. Hatfill worked in labs on bio-chemical and medical projects, as he did later at Ft. Detrick, and there was no reason for him to have any contact whatsoever with foot soldiers. The SS vets who disavow knowing Hatfill are telling the truth.

Example: Why should James Bond necessarily have personal knowledge of the lab technicians who concocted his sleeping-gas cologne?

The sensitivity of his work ensured that he kept it under wraps and spun cover stories, told half-truths.

Please consider, as I did in writing the story: It is far too "coincidental" that Hatfill, who WAS in the area where the first round of anthrax mailing occurred in Africa, should move on to an identical mass murder scenario in the US. ... and have no role in either.

Hatfill was telling the partial truth about his "work" in Rhodesia. But he couldn't very well talk about his participation in prior anthrax mailings, could he? So he slanted a few facts, and this strikes me as far more plausible than the insistence of Rhodesian operatives that he wasn't one of them. Hatfill was a lab tech, so they had no reason to deal with him directly.

- AC

Obama Assassination Plot

" ... Sources say he was wearing a ring with a swastika, and is thought to have ties to white supremacist organizations. ... "

Aug 25th 2008
by TMZ Staff

A Denver TV station is reporting authorities may have foiled an assassination plot against Barack Obama, and there's talk the suspects may be members of a white supremacy group.

KUSA-TV claims three men are in custody after a routine traffic stop in Aurora (near Denver) turned up two rifles, high-powered scopes, ammo and meth. The man in the car led authorities to a hotel where another suspect jumped out of a fourth floor window in an attempt to escape. ...

Story developing..

http://www.tmz.com/2008/08/25/obama-under-fire/
•••••••
Plot to Kill Obama: Shoot From High Vantage Point

Written By Brian Maass
Aug 25, 2008

E-mail DENVER (CBS4) ― CBS4 has now learned at least four people are under arrest in connection with a possible plot to kill Barack Obama at his Thursday night acceptance speech in Denver. All are being held on either drug or weapons charges.

CBS4 Investigator Brian Maass reported one of the suspects told authorities they were "going to shoot Obama from a high vantage point using a ... rifle … sighted at 750 yards."

Law enforcement sources tell Maass that one of the suspects "was directly asked if they had come to Denver to kill Obama. He responded in the affirmative."

The story began emerging Sunday morning when Aurora police arrested 28-year-old Tharin Gartrell. He was driving a rented pickup truck in an erratic manner according to sources.

Sources told CBS4 police found two high-powered, scoped rifles in the car along with camouflage clothing, walkie-talkies, a bulletproof vest, a spotting scope, licenses in the names of other people and methamphetamine. One of the rifles is listed as stolen from Kansas.

Subsequently authorities went to the Cherry Creek Hotel to contact an associate of Gartrell's. But that man, who was wanted on numerous warrants, jumped out of a sixth floor hotel window. Law enforcement sources say the man broke an ankle in the fall and was captured moments later. Sources say he was wearing a ring with a swastika, and is thought to have ties to white supremacist organizations.

A third man -- an associate of Gartrell and the hotel jumper was also arrested. He told authorities that the two men "planned to kill Barack Obama at his acceptance speech."

That man, along with a woman, are also under arrest.

The Secret Service, FBI, ATF and the joint terrorism task force are all investigating the alleged plot.

The U.S. Attorney in Denver has scheduled a news conference for Tuesday afternoon.

CBS4 will have new details on this developing story at 10pm.

http://cbs4denver.com/investigates/assisination.plot.obama.2.802827.html

Condi Rice's Favorite Leftist: Soros Agent Mark Malloch Brown, Multinationalist Cabinet Secretary in the UK

In which the false Sorosian dialectic behind a recent key political appointment in merry old England is dissected ...

Also see "Labor Leader Gordon Brown's Guru is Mrs. Irving Kristol"

By Alex Constantine

Malloch Brown's CV boasts tenure at the World Bank, among other interesting places. The Bank's 1999 press release on Malloch's departure depicts a leftist and a humanitarian, like his boss Soros ... whose closest associates happen to constitute the upper tiers of the multinational power elite:

"Prior to joining the World Bank, Mr. Malloch Brown was the lead international partner from 1986-1994 in a strategic communications management firm, where he worked with corporations, governments, and political candidates. He also provided strategic advice to governments on managing change and on public policy issues including privatization, environment, human rights, and other matters. Mr. Malloch Brown also advised CEOs on corporate marketing and change management issues. ... Mr. Malloch Brown is a board member of the Open Society Institute, George Soros' foundation network."
http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTPROGRAMS/EXTTRADERESEARCH/0,,contentMDK:20016316~menuPK:162686~pagePK:210083~piPK:152538~theSitePK:544849,00.html

The foreign policy bona fidés that led to Malloch's appointment in Gordon Brown's cabinet belie his left-wing, "anti-American" image. From the maskofanarchy site, August 27, 2007, "Mark Malloch Brown - The Colombian Connection":

" ... Melanie Phillips, the representative of the far-right, has been quick to present the appointment of Mark Malloch Brown as causing 'dismay in Washington DC'. She also claims that he played a vital role in the oil-for-food scandal, the removal of Wolfowitz and portrays him as an opponent of the Iraq war. The combination of these factors allow Phillips to portray Malloch Brown as anti-American, corrupt and disreputable. This, of course, would lead to some on the right to suspect that Malloch Brown is therefore closely associated with the left. However, there is more to Malloch Brown than Phillips would have you believe, and it certainly seems unlikely that the US is really concerned about his appointment.

"During the late 1980s, Malloch Brown was on the payroll of Washington's Sawyer Miller political consultancy group. The Sawyer Miller group were actively involved in the political situation in Colombia during the end of the 80s and the beginning of the 90s. Their role? They were instructed to present the Colombian government in a positive light. Central to this was addressing the concerns that the government was linked to paramilitaries. The director of Sawyer Miller declared that:

"'the main mission is to educate the American media about Colombia, get good coverage, and nurture contacts with journalists, columnists, and think tanks. The message is that there are ‘bad’ and ‘good’ people in Colombia and that the government is the good guy.'

"Their appointment was made when the Colombian government was at its lowest standing with the American people. Opinion polls at the end of the 1980s found that 76% of all Americans thought Colombia was corrupt and further 80% wanted sanctions imposed. Sawyer Miller (and Malloch Brown) were given the task of presenting the Colombian government in a more positive light. They certainly seemed to profit from their task. The group earned nearly a million dollars in fees and expenses in the first half of 1991 alone.

"The main role of the group, who had signed up former Reagan administration Ed Rollins and PR star John Scanlon on as partners, was to pressure journalists into spinning for the government. They distributed pamphlets, sent letters to editors signed by government officials and placed full-page advertisements in The New York Times and The Washington Post. All American journalists were required to go through Sawyer Miller before they could interview government officials. According to one reporter, Sawyer Miller declined a request for an interview with President Gaviria because the network also wanted to interview former U.S. drug czar Bob Martinez, who had criticized the Colombian government. The reporter claimed:

"'Sawyer/Miller did not want to give the perception that the Colombian government and the U.S. had differences.'

"Producers even claimed that Sawyer Miller tried to change the content of the programme.

"Sawyer Miller also attempted to pressurise editors who were unsympathetic to Colombia's ties with drug barons. Sawyer Miller reuqested a meeting with the editor of the Miami Herald when it described the Colombian government as a 'weakling'. According to the editor:

"They were sharp and even followed up the meeting with a couple of phone calls. Yes, we did tone down our criticisms, but it was mainly because the president explained that he was following public opinion in Colombia."

"Sawyer Miller has also played a key role in skewing the 'war on terror' in Colombia. As a result of PR activities conducted by the group, FARC is considered the 'most dangerous international terrorist group based in the Western Hemisphere'. However, this is mainly due to the work of Sawyer Miller and the Colombian military who, according to the US ambassador to Colombia in 1996, 'considered it a way to obtain U.S. assistance in the counterinsurgency'. And this assistance has continued to this very day. Colombia continues to be on of the largest recipients of American military aid in the world.

"Colombia's links to narcotics and right-wing paramilitaries are well documented (click on the Colombia label below), Sawyer Miller's role was to cover this up and present Colombia as a country free from corruption. Sawyer Miller helped to convince the American public that Colombia wasn't the corrupt country that they had been led to believe, and that there were no such links to narcotics. The recent revelations over Uribe's administration have given lie to that and yet, such was the effectiveness of this PR campaign, Uribe maintains a level of popularity far in excess of most corrupt administrations. The fact that Malloch Brown played such a key role in producing propaganda for the Colombian government, much to the delight of Washington, truly gives lie to the claim that Gordon Brown has shifted the government to a more humane position in global politics. There are still those at the heart of government that are eager to do the bidding of the United States around the world. Melanie Phillips can sleep easy."
Posted by korova at 12:59
http://maskofanarchy.blogspot.com/2007/08/mark-malloch-brown-colombian-connection.html

Caveat: Right-wing slant to this Spectator story. Author Claudia Rosett hails from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, and she nurtures the false dialectic in the controversial Malloch appointment by clucking her tongue over his "leftist" agenda. I've redacted the story to reduce it to pertinent information.

Mark Malloch Brown, Former UN deputy secretary-general's taxpayer funded accommodation

The taxpayer is being stung so this Lord can live in Admiralty House
By Claudia Rosett
November 8, 2007

Mark Malloch-Brown, the minister for Africa, Asia and the UN, was the most prestigious recruit to Gordon Brown’s ministry of all the talents. But this appointment might be about to come back and embarrass the Prime Minister with controversy brewing over the former UN deputy secretary-general’s taxpayer funded accommodation.

In February 2006 Mark Malloch Brown, then the UN Secretary General’s chief of staff, was interviewed by Claudia Rosett at the UN, and found himself increasingly furious at the line of questioning about his housing arrangements in New York. Malloch Brown had caused controversy with his decision to live on the smart country estate of George Soros....

Scroll forward to the summer of 2007 and the same man found divine providence intervening on his behalf. Gordon Brown, shortly to become Prime Minister, was desperate to bring Malloch Brown on board. One friend who was advising him while Brown and Malloch Brown were negotiating over the telephone remembers egging him on: ‘It was great fun! You know, strike a hard bargain.’

It ended up with Malloch Brown nailing down a quite remarkable deal from the supplicant Prime Minister-in-waiting. This newcomer to British government picked up an extensive portfolio incorporating Africa--one of Brown’s foreign policy priorities--Asia and the United Nations, a peerage and the right to attend Cabinet. The message was clear: Malloch Brown was not to be some token peer picking up the crumbs under the Foreign Secretary’s table but a man with a seat at the top table.

Why was Gordon so keen to bring him in? In the months leading up to the takeover on 27 June, senior Brownites expressed concern at their boss’s comparative inexperience in foreign policy. Despite a decade at the centre of power, Brown’s experience on the global stage was limited to his work with the International Monetary Fund, the development agenda and his famously grumpy appearances at meetings of EU finance ministers. Brown’s emphasis on the economic aspects of international security and peace-making in the Middle East served only to highlight the narrowness of his focus. Blairites sneered that ‘Gordon doesn’t do abroad’.

There were obvious attractions, therefore, in hiring a foreign policy heavyweight to act as his guide and guru.... The answer Brown’s team came up with--with help from some unofficial headhunters--was Malloch Brown; a Brit in his early fifties who was married with four children and had been educated at Marlborough, Cambridge and Michigan, been a journalist on the Economist and a political consultant before entering the world of international bureaucracy, rising to become Kofi Annan’s deputy secretary general at the United Nations in April 2006. There could only be a dozen or so people in the world who were as thoroughly well-versed in the global agenda as Malloch Brown..... Malloch Brown, the theory ran, would add instant heft to Brown’s reform agenda for international institutions and signal that foreign policy would be very different under Brown. Shriti Vadera, now parliamentary under-secretary of state at DFID and one of Brown’s closest aides, was apparently particularly keen on the appointment. His multilateral UN credentials also meant that the Labour party was likely to tolerate his political promiscuity--Malloch Brown had flirted with the SDP in the 1980s and done a turn at David Cameron’s first Tory conference ....

The CV of Brown’s most senior outside appointment reads like that of a hair-shirted technocrat: a vice-president of World Bank, head of UNDP, chief of staff and then deputy secretary-general of the United Nations and now Minister for Africa, Asia and the UN.

But Malloch Brown’s living arrangements in this country are exceedingly grand, and provided by the taxpayer. Only three members of the government have grace-and-favour residences in London. Malloch Brown is one of them, the other two are the Prime Minister and the Chancellor. David Miliband and his growing family have yet to use 1 Carlton Gardens, the Foreign Secretary’s London residence. Yet Malloch Brown, astonishingly, has secured one of the three government flats in Admiralty House, where John Prescott used to live. In so doing, this newcomer has leapfrogged 20 full members of the Cabinet who notionally enjoy seniority over him. ...

The Treasury’s National Assets Register values the Admiralty House accommodation at £7.76 million and as worth more than the flats above No. 10 and 11 Downing Street. It is, indeed, fit for a Lord, and one with tastes which are the opposite of frugal. A parliamentary answer earlier this autumn revealed that ‘the floor area of the ministerial residences in Admiralty House is 859 square metres.’ In 2006–07 the Deputy Prime Minister’s Office paid the Cabinet Office no less than £173,000 for John Prescott’s living in one of the flats there.

One of the Brown government’s key selling points--part of its ‘change’ message--was that, in contrast to the Blair era, there would be no more high life, no more ministerial noses in the trough. Malloch Brown’s housing arrangements threaten to sully that message. One Cabinet minister fretted: ‘Housing is always so sensitive. Every voter can relate to it because everyone has a home or, increasingly, is struggling to afford one. ... Malloch Brown’s determination to keep the flat may not be in the best interests of the government’s image, but it conforms to a pattern of behaviour. The minister is simply keeping himself in the style to which he has become accustomed.

Before moving to London, Malloch Brown had been living as a tenant on George Soros’s estate in Katonah, New York. Katonah is in Westchester Country, home to the Clintons, and about an hour from New York City itself.

Soros’s estate is so large that only a curving tree-lined drive can be seen through the eagle-topped red-brick front gates. Malloch Brown was paying a UN-subsidised rent of around $10,000 a month for his accommodation. He could well afford this as by the end of his time at the United Nations his total, take-home compensation package amounted to $287,087 p.a. Malloch Brown might be doing ‘God’s work’, but he was receiving his rewards on earth, too. He was paid more as number two at the UN than Dick Cheney was as Vice President.

Despite being asked by the press on a number of occasions about the details of his housing arrangements in Katonah, Malloch Brown has provided neither details nor documentation. At a UN press briefing in New York on 20 June 2005, about six months after he had become Annan’s chief of staff, Malloch Brown was asked by a reporter to explain the full extent of his financial relationship with George Soros.

He heatedly denied any financial relationship, praised Soros for his work around the world and tore a strip off the questioner. He went on to say, ‘In UNDP we collaborate extensively. For that reason, it was absolutely critical when we set our hearts on a house on his property that if we were going to rent it, we’d pay the full commercial rent, and we have done so.’

But neither proof nor any further details were forthcoming. Indeed, Malloch Brown has refused even to say when he began his tenancy.

The relationship between the UNDP and Soros remains obscure. The UN last year was unable or unwilling to supply a complete list of details accounting for this relationship; neither did Soros’s Open Society Institute open up about it. But Malloch Brown and Soros were sufficiently close professionally to give a joint press conference on 19 March 2002 at a global aid gathering in Monterrey, Mexico.

Nor did Malloch Brown ever disclose his finances to the public--despite presiding over reforms that he assured the world would mean more transparency. In 2005, Malloch Brown told the US House of Representatives Committee on International Relations that ‘transparency and accountability are the watchwords for the United Nations in the new century’ and described ‘more rigorous financial disclosures by senior officials’ as an immediate management reform that the UN was already undertaking. In 2006, the UN Secretariat launched a reform requiring senior UN administrative officials to fill out financial disclosure forms and file them with the UN’s new Ethics Office. But this ‘financial disclosure’ policy came with an extraordinary loophole of which Kafka would have been proud: the forms did not actually need to be disclosed to the public. This year, Ban Ki-moon, Kofi Annan’s successor, and his deputy both voluntarily released their financial forms to the public. But despite much talk about transparency, neither Annan nor Malloch Brown chose to release theirs.

The connection with Soros became ever closer once Malloch Brown left the UN. Malloch Brown was appointed to senior positions at both Soros Fund Management and the Open Society Institute, which promotes democracy and the rule of law and which Soros founded and of which he remains the chairman. The Wall Street Journal cheekily dubbed Malloch Brown part of an ‘axis of Soros’.

Another episode at the UN that calls Malloch Brown’s judgment into question concerns a glowing book on the UNDP published in late 2006 by Cambridge University Press. It turns out the book had been commissioned by Malloch Brown shortly before he left the agency. More than half a million dollars had been spent to hire a historian, give him a travel budget and then buy copies of the book from CUP. To no one’s great surprise, the book is very positive about Malloch Brown’s tenure.

Back in Westminster, Malloch Brown’s appointment in June was widely and correctly seen as a message that things were going to change on foreign policy. He was, after all, known to oppose the Iraq war, and had slapped Bush and Blair down over the war in Lebanon. Malloch Brown’s appalling relations with the Bush administration-- the President personally pleaded with the incoming UN Secretary-General to get rid of him--were music to the ears of those who were desperate for reassurance that Brown was not going to pursue the same strategy as Blair on the global stage.

In Washington, however, Malloch Brown’s appointment caused considerable consternation and continues to cast doubt on Brown’s judgment. Confidants of the Prime Minister now report that Brown claims that if he ‘had known it would cause such a fuss, I wouldn’t have appointed him’. Nile Gardiner, a Republican foreign-policy thinker and expert on US-UK relations who is close to the White House, says that Malloch Brown is viewed in Washington as ‘viscerally anti-American’.

In his first (and so far only) big interview in the job, Malloch Brown set out to dismiss the idea that his appointment might cause problems with anyone but a few neocon crazies. He told the Daily Telegraph: ‘What I really hate is the effort to paint me as anti-American, but I am happy to be described as anti-neocon. If they see me as a villain, I will wear that as a badge of honour.’ He went on to boast that: ‘From Colin Powell to Condi Rice all the way through to Richard Holbrooke or Madeleine Albright, across that massive swath of American foreign policy, I would bet you a drink that you would find that I am their favourite multinationalist Brit.’ This, though, is not an opinion shared in Washington. An adviser to a 2008 presidential candidate warns that ‘the extremely negative reaction that he causes will last long after President Bush’s departure from office’. ,...

Since this disastrous start, little has been heard from Lord Malloch-Brown. His blaming of the neocons for all criticism of him is also wearing thin. As one minister says, ‘He explains away all criticism as evidence of neocon briefing. It is a completely bloody circular argument.’

Is this just a fable of folly and grandeur? No. There are substantive policy issues where Malloch Brown could well end up causing Brown problems. The government has already been embarrassed by the revelation that when at the UN, Malloch Brown was enthusiastic about the concept of a European Union seat on the Security Council....

Brown defends Malloch Brown’s appointment to those committed to the special relationship by saying that all he really wanted was his expertise on Darfur. But this answer doesn’t stack up. Since taking on the job, Malloch Brown’s diplomacy in the region has been unexceptional.

Claudia Rosett is journalist-in-residence with the US-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies and James Forsyth is online editor of The Spectator.

http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/562

Iran and America, Friends or Foes?

" ... do both nations use each other in order to salvage domestic support at home? ... "

By Lee Jay Walker
Tokyo Correspondent
http://theseoultimes.com/ST/?url=/ST/db/read.php?idx=7088
August 25, 2008

America and Iran are meant to be natural enemies, however, their relationship is very complex and sometimes both nations share a common vision in the realm of geopolitics. Yet to the outside world both nations do not trust each other and this is based on so-called tension and mutual loathing. However, do both nations really hate each other or are quotes taken out of context or do they have cultural meanings? Or do both nations use each other in order to salvage domestic support at home? So what is the real relationship?

If we focus on economics and the nuclear issue, then it is abundantly clear that America does enforce a strict economic blockade on Iran. At the same time the nuclear issue could be the one area which causes a possible limited conflict or where America gives Israel the green light. So it is clear that you do have major tensions within the relationship and maybe it is Iran which is forcing this breakdown? After all, if it wasn`t for the nuclear issue then tensions or conflicts could be contained, just like in the past. Given this, Iran should remember that America once had dealings with Saddam Hussein but he also over-stepped the mark.

Yet when we concentrate on the field of foreign affairs and geopolitics then we see a very different relationship because in recent times both nations have worked together. Sometimes this may have applied to mere tacit support and not directly working together, yet this tacit support did sometimes involve a shared common ground. Therefore, it is important to focus on this unspoken side in order to highlight the complex nature of their recent relationship.

If we turn the clock back to Bosnia and Kosovo respectively, then America and Iran had a shared interest in supporting the Muslims of the Balkans. During the Bosnian conflict the United Nations enforced a military embargo on all sides. However, America clearly gave Iran the green light to send military arms to the Bosnian Muslims and this is how the Bosnian Muslims, and Croatians, could turn the table against Serbia within both Bosnia and Croatia. Because the military arms embargo was clearly broken and Iran often sent in military arms in order to prop-up the Bosnian armed forces. Also, this American-Iranian policy in the Balkans shatters the myth that America is anti-Islamic. After all, during Bosnia, Kosovo, and Cyprus respectively, the armed forces of America and senior politicians sided with Islam every time.

If we even dig further and turn the clock back even more, then we even see covert dealings under the late Ayatollah Khomeini. This applies to the murky Oliver North scandal with regards to the Iran-Contra affair, whereby Iran was involved in supporting the Contras in Nicaragua, via American economic support. Therefore, elements within the American administration were adopting a different policy and sometimes elements within different departments were ignoring senior political leaders.

Now if we forward the clock to more recent times then the same situation happens again. For example, when America attacked the Taliban in Afghanistan they allied themselves with the Northern Alliance. The Northern Alliance in turn was supported by both the Russian Federation and Iran. More astonishing was the fact that Iran gave America secret information about the Taliban, after all, the Taliban hated Shia Muslims. So both nations, just like the Balkans, had a shared and vested interest.

If we also focus on Iraq then a similar linkage emerges once more. Because Iran also gave covert support to America via knowledge they had obtained during the Iran-Iraq war. Also, Iran did little to prevent this conflict because they hated Saddam Hussein and his secular regime. Therefore, was the trade off an Islamic state? Because once the secular government had been defeated, then America installed Sharia Islamic Law which in turn persecuted the Christian community.

Given all this, then what is the truth behind the "veil?" Do both nations share similar aims and objectives within a limited geopolitical space? If they don`t, then how do you account for past dealings between both nations? This issue needs to be debated openly because nothing appears to make sense when it comes to the relationship between America and Iran.

Lee Jay Walker Dip BA MA
http://journals.aol.com/leejaywalker/uk/
Lee Jay Walker
TOKYO
JAPAN

Robert Fulford on The Hitler Salute: The meaning of a gesture

Robert Fulford
network.nationalpost.com
August 23, 2008

In the days of Adolf Hitler’s triumphs some of his followers showed their enthusiasm by turning a routine “Heil Hitler!” greeting into an excuse for a kind of performance piece. One man who became notorious for making a fuss of this ritual was Joachim von Ribbentrop, the foreign minister who was tried at Nurnberg and hanged in 1946. A one-time wine importer in Ottawa, he was regarded as a fool by hard-core Nazis and was so clumsy in conversation that when he served as Hitler’s ambassador to London in the 1930s he acquired the nickname Von Brickendrop.

But when it came to saying “Heil Hitler” he was a champion. It was a spectacle no one wanted to miss. Martha Dodd, the daughter of the U.S. ambassador to Germany, wrote in her memoir, Through Embassy Eyes, that when introduced to someone at a diplomatic reception, Von Ribbentrop would hold out his hand, then retreat, holding his new acquaintance at arm’s length. He would then lower his arm stiffly to his side and suddenly, almost violently raise it in a Hitler Salute, barely missing the nose of the person he had just met. “The pompousness, the maddening leisureliness, the affectation,” Dodd recalled, were calculated to make everyone know that Von Ribbentrop was present. His strategy always worked. Somehow, by Dodd’s account, she managed to avoid laughing.

Tilman Allert, a University of Frankfurt sociologist, has written a short and intensely interesting book, The Hitler Salute: On the Meaning of a Gesture (Metropolitan Books), which leaves a reader freshly impressed by the peculiar forms of evil the Nazis invented.

Studying the Hitler Salute gives a deeper meaning to the word “totalitarian.” A true totalitarian, as Hitler was, somehow arranges to dictate precisely the words that people call out when they meet for coffee. You can’t get closer to “total” than that. And only an amateur totalitarian would be satisfied with anything less than changing the content in children’s books. One of Allert’s illustrations shows a fairy-tale painting on a school wall in which the Prince awakens Sleeping Beauty with a Hitler Salute rather than a kiss. A 1936 book for teachers explained why: “No fairy tale cries out more for ethnic interpretation.” Children were to understand that Hitler rescued Germany from a death-like sleep caused by foreign races.

Beginning in the summer of 1933, only a few months after Hitler assumed power, “the German greeting” was made compulsory. Civil servants used it when meeting one another and at the end of their letters. Postmen, delivering their mail, sang out “Heil Hitler!” Schoolchildren faced their teachers with it every morning. (Tiny Hitler dolls with movable right arms demonstrated the technique.) Department store clerks said, “Heil Hitler, how may I help you?” Even washroom attendants used it.

Wherever two Germans met, Hitler was present as a silent third party. He acquired, rhetorically, something of the magic of a god — particularly when the Hitler Salute replaced “Grüss Gott” (“God’s greeting”), a traditional salutation among Roman Catholics in southern Germany. Travelling in Bavaria, Samuel Beckett noticed that on the front of a Dominican church “Grüss Gott” had been crossed out, replaced by “Heil Hitler.”

In 1934, the Hessian State Government sent a memo to local police stations mandating capital punishment for subversive monkeys. It had come to the attention of the state that vaudeville performers were training monkeys to give the Hitler Salute at the end of their performances. This was a mockery of the German spirit and liable to provoke public disorder. Therefore, “In case of violations, see to it that said animals are destroyed.”

In private, people who trusted each other might use the Hitler Salute with a sneer, making it clear (as Allert puts it) that in public they “saluted opportunistically.” But there was always a risk. The National Socialist German Students’ League advised everyone to discard all other greetings, including Auf Wiedersehen: “All who wish to avoid the suspicion of consciously obstructionist behaviour will use the Hitler Salute.” Allert argues that it “invested every human encounter with magical fascination and helped to silence a nation’s moral scruples.” It “politicized all communications within German society.”

There was always a ridiculous side to the Nazis. It was as if the Marx Brothers had turned vicious and been given a country to control. Getting everyone in a modern state to run around shouting “Heil Hitler!” at each other was obviously absurdist humour. But, like all the craziness of the Nazis, it was horribly true, a madman’s dream that couldn’t happen, but did.

National Post
robert.fulford@utoronto.ca

http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2008/08/23/robert-fulford-on-the-hitler-salute-the-meaning-of-a-gesture.aspx

Sunday, August 24, 2008

Son of McCain Narrowly Skirts a Banking Scandal

Excerpt from "No-taxes pledge helps conservative activist oust three Republicans"
BY JOHN L. SMITH
Las Vegas Review-Journal
www.lvrj.com
Aug. 15, 2008

... BANK NOTE: When banking community veterans scoffed last month about the sudden departure of McCain's son from the board of Silver State Bancorp of Henderson, they laughed that "personal reasons" was a pretty vague excuse for the rapid separation.

Now comes word that Silver State's holding company is reporting a $73.2 million loss in the second quarter. Sounds as if Andrew McCain's departure came just in time to avoid being part of a story that might have generated big headlines nationally. ...

http://www.lvrj.com/news/27011089.html
•••••••
Silver State Bank: What’s Deposited in Vegas Doesn’t Stay in Vegas
www.faulkingtruth.com
By Mark Faulk

"When the casinos treat you poorly, let Silver State treat you like a valued customer." ~ Silver State Bank Motto

In yet another bizarre development in the saga of CMKM Diamonds, better known as CMKX, one of the largest financial frauds in history, Andrew McCain, the son of presumptive Republican presidential candidate John McCain, resigned from the Board of Directors of Henderson, Nevada based Silver State Bank, the bank where hundreds of millions of dollars was deposited as it was stolen from CMKX shareholders.

Almost immediately, the internet began buzzing with rumors and stories, mostly either questioning Silver State’s financial condition or drawing the inevitable comparison to his father’s involvement twenty years ago in the infamous “Keating 5” savings and loan scandal, where federal regulators seized Lincoln Savings and Loan Association of Irvine, California. The senior McCain was rebuked by the Senate Ethics Commission, who concluded that he had and four other senators had tried to hold off a government investigation into the savings and loan’s risky real estate deals. Lincoln’s chairman at the time was Charles Keating, who was not only one of McCain’s top donors, but was a business partner with Cindy McCain.

But the younger McCain, who had only been with Silver State Bank for a little over four months after Choice Bank, where McCain was director, was taken over by Silver State, might have to answer questions of his own. Silver State Bank has its own history of problems, and it appears that Andrew McCain either ignored the bank’s past woes, or didn’t properly research the company before joining the Board of Directors.

Just two months ago, one of the bank’s executive vice-presidents resigned after the company reported a massive loss for the first quarter of 2008, which the company blamed largely on the deteriorating real estate market. The bank recently announced plans to raise an additional $40 million in capital, which could be a problem, since their share price has dropped over 95% in the past year, from a high of $19.48 to July 29th’s closing price of $1.18. Their market cap has fallen from $275 million to less than $17 million. At today’s closing price, that $40 million in additional capital will more than triple the company’s current number of outstanding shares.

There’s more…a lot more. Andrew McCain served on the bank’s Audit Committee, which means his responsibilities included, according to the company’s bylaws, an understanding of finance and accounting:

“All of the members of the Audit Committee must have a basic understanding of finance and accounting and be able to read and understand fundamental financial statements. At least one member of the Audit Committee must be an audit committee financial expert, as determined by the Board, consistent with the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the applicable rules and regulations of the stock exchange on which the Corporation’s shares are listed.”

But a little diamond mining company from Canada that turned out to be the biggest penny stock fraud in history might become a major problem for McCain’s campaign as well. Insiders with CMKX defrauded over 50,000 shareholders of in excess of $250 million. A large portion of that money was run through a single Silver State Bank branch in Las Vegas. In all, former CMKX CEO Urban Casavant and reputed mastermind John Edwards (no, not that John Edwards) opened over 100 bank accounts at Silver State, and ran tens of millions of dollars through the bank.

In one multi-million dollar gamble taken by Silver State Bank, they accepted not just one but four checks for $2.5 million dollars each from a fraudulent company account at Wells Fargo Bank in Las Vegas in one week…written on temporary checks. John Edwards opened an account for a company called Saint George Metals on the same day that CMKM Diamonds announced a “business partnership” with the company, which in reality was just a bank account whose only signor was John Edwards. Edwards would write a $2.5 million check to CMKM Diamonds on a temporary check from Wells Fargo, and Urban Casavant would deposit it the “official” company account at Silver State Bank and write a press release announcing the investment. In turn, money was filtered back to Edwards either in illegally issued company stock or cash, essentially making the exchange a wash. To Silver State Bank’s credit, they at least wrote “HOLD” across one of the deposits, apparently waiting for the $2.5 million temporary check to clear before crediting the CMKM Diamonds’ account.

This was not an isolated case, but was instead the normal way of doing business with Casavant, Edwards, and their cohorts. It was an incredible whirlwind of activity for Silver State Bank and other Las Vegas banks, including Wells Fargo, Nevada State, and Sun West Bank. Hundreds of checks, wire transfers, and deposits totaling tens of millions and possibly hundreds of millions of dollars flowed like champagne in the Vegas casinos.

Among the transactions executed by Silver State Bank:

• Wire transfers totaling hundreds of thousands of dollars were executed with only the notation “transferring to Personal Acct. per cust. transfer via phone”.

• Checks from the CMKXtreme and other accounts controlled by Casavant and Edwaerds written out only to “CASH”…including one for $350,000.

• Multi-million dollar wire transfers between Edwards and Urban, run through one of the almost 100 accounts they controlled there.

• Millions of dollars written out of company accounts to Urban, his wife Carolyn, and several family members, often on temporary checks.

The scam finally came crashing down in late 2005 when the SEC finally delisted CMKX, and a shareholder named Kevin West was appointed by Urban to take over while Casavant fled to Canada. West inherited a company with no tangible assets, no real business…and $558 in the bank. Edwards, Casavant, and their cohorts had stolen the rest. West brought in Bill Frizzell, an attorney from Tyler, Texas, who had been conducting a multi-year investigation into CMKX for a shareholders’ group.

They have since filed numerous lawsuits against Edwards, Casavant, and others, and have subpoenaed records from Silver State Bank and other banks associated with the scam in an ongoing effort to recover assets for the defrauded shareholders. The SEC recently filed charges against eleven individuals and three companies in the CMKX case, but a multi-year investigation by a task force comprised of the DOJ, FBI, and IRS has yet to produce any arrests or charges.

Silver State Bank has not been charged in the CMKM Diamonds case, although they did fire an employee named Patricia DeCosta, who approved most of the transactions. DeCosta in turn filed a lawsuit in early 2006 against her former employer, detailing her side of the story:

“Throughout plaintiff’s employment she was encouraged to open new accounts and each ‘performance appraisal’ done with regard to her employment speaks glowingly of the number of new accounts her branch opened.

That on or about the 5th day of September 2004 the bank was served with a subpoena with regard to accounts maintained at the branch plaintiff supervised. Certain executives of defendants (Silver State Bancorp, Silver State Bank) owned stock in companies controlled by the subject of the subpoena and became disconcerted when the bank was served with the aforementioned subpoena.

Seeking a scapegoat the bank terminated plaintiff claiming she had not processed a suspicious activity report in a timely manner. Plaintiff was unable to timely process the SAR due to the fact that she was undergoing a ‘serious health condition’, which required her to take leave from her employment.”

The fact remains that Silver State Bank never filed a single Suspicious Activities Report (SARS) while 50,000 CMKX shareholders lost their entire investments. Did Andrew McCain look into the bank’s shady past, and if so, is he now just quietly trying to slip out the side door before the building comes tumbling down?

How this new twist plays out remains to be seen, but the saga of CMKX, as detailed in “The Naked Truth: The Stock Play of a Lifetime” seems to be a story that won’t go away. After years of being ignored by public officials at all levels, maybe it will take a presidential campaign to expose the seedy underbelly of corruption in our financial markets.

And that….as always…is the Faulking Truth.

UPDATE ON THE SILVER STATE BANK STORY:
Silver State Bank: Like Rats From a Sinking Ship

(Mark Faulk’s first book, entitled The Naked Truth: Investing in the Stock Play of a Lifetime, is now available at www.thenakedtruthbook.com. Buy it now while you still have a few dollars in the bank. Tune in with Mark Faulk and DeWayne Reeves every Friday from 9-10 AM CST on The Faulking Truth Show, and join Mark and Paul Faulk every Saturday from 1-2 PM CST on The Faulking Truth X2 Show at www.toginet.com)

http://www.faulkingtruth.com/Articles/BlogFest/1097.html

Operation Underworld

Culture: Operation Underworld
21 January 2008
by Garrett Johnson

On the night of July 9, 1943, the first of 160,000 allied troops began landing on the southwest beaches of Sicily.

After nearly a full week of fighting that yielded the city of Syracuse and not much more, General George S. Patton was given the task of advancing towards the city of Palermo.

60,000 Italian troops and almost 100 miles of thin, heavily-mined highway stood in the way. Yet Patton's army crossed the distance in just 4 days, taking minimal casualties and splitting the Axis army in two. This lightening strike established General Patton as America's greatest general of WWII.

But how did he do it?

The answer involved a small, American army plane flying low over the tiny town of Villalba on July 14. The plane trailed a yellow banner with a large, black "L". At a certain spot it dropped a nylon bag containing only a gold foulard handkerchief, also sporting the letter "L".

That place was the estate of Don Calogero Vizzini, the most powerful Mafia boss of Sicily.

Two days later, three American tanks rolled into Villalba after driving thirty miles through enemy territory. Don Calogero climbed aboard and spent the next six days traveling through western Sicily organizing support for the advancing American troops. As General Patton's Third Division moved onward into Don Calogero's mountain domain, the signs of its dependence on Mafia support were obvious to the local population. The Mafia protected the roads from snipers, arranged enthusiastic welcomes for the advancing troops, and provided guides through the confusing mountain terrain.

The "L" on the handkerchief stood for Salvatore Lucania, also known as Charles "Lucky" Luciano.

Salvatore Lucania had been born only 15 miles from Don Calogero's estate on November 24, 1897. At the age of 10 his family emigrated to America, arriving in New York.

Within a year Lucky was shaking down Jewish kids on their way to school and serving time in Brooklyn correctional facility for truancy. During this time he befriended Bugsy Siegal.

At the age of 18 Lucky was doing time for selling heroin and morphine. After getting out of jail he joined the violent Five Points Gang. He managed to dodge the WWI draft by intentionally catching chlamydia.

Lucky's First Break

In 1918 Lucky was busying himself with the humdrum job of beating a prostitute senseless. A 14-year old Bugsy Siegel looked on, knife in hand. Suddenly the door flung open and a young man leaped into the room. He hit Lucky on the back of the head and knocked Bugsy aside. As he pulled the prostitute up, the New York City police rushed into the room and promptly arrested everyone.

The man who heard the prostitute's scream and came to her rescue was Meyer Lansky. Locked in the same cell Lucky and Meyer began talking and realized that they had a lot in common. Meyer worked for the Lepke and Gurrah gang, which controlled much of the heroin trade of New York City. It didn't take long before Meyer convinced Lucky to get into the heroin business. This friendship they developed would last half a century.

But there was a problem with Lucky's new business - the old Sicilian mafia dons disapproved of drug trafficking. It wasn't a matter of moral qualms, they just didn't want to antagonize the police.

On October 16, 1929, the old dons kidnapped Lucky and took him to a New Jersey warehouse. There they hung him by the wrists from a hook, beat him with a baseball bat, stabbed him with an ice pick, and slit his throat. It should have been the end of Lucky, but while he was left for dead he didn't die. Lucky somehow managed to get out of his chains and make it to safety, hence his nickname "Lucky" Luciano. He then exacted a bloody revenge on the dons.

Over the next four years Lucky, Meyer, Bugsy, and their associates at Murder, Inc. eliminated all of their primary competition and built a small empire that Lansky claimed was modeled after Standard Oil Trust. Luciano, Meyer, and Siegel implemented a total reorganization of how the mafia did business, including an organized system of bribes to various politicians.

Thomas Dewey

The Luciano empire involved the traditional gambling, bookmaking, loan-sharking, and extortion. It also extended to near complete control of the Manhatten waterfront, from corrupt labor unions to garbage hauling, construction, garment center businesses, and trucking. Lansky traveled to Cuba and set up a working relationship with the dictator Batista for the building of casinos and smuggling of heroin from Sicily.

Lucky's used his new heroin empire to enhance his old prostitution business by keeping his prostitutes addicted to heroin. This was Lucky's downfall.

In 1936 Thomas Dewey was merely an up-and-coming New York City prosecutor. It would take another 6 years before he became governor of New York, and another 6 years before he came within a whisker of the presidency.

Dewey quickly discovered that Luciano's prostitutes were more than willing to talk to the police about their exploitation. It is a popular belief that the charges against Lucky were trumped up. Nevertheless, Dewey was able to get the jury to convict Luciano of 62 counts of racketeering. Lucky drew a sentence of 30 to 50 years in New York's more brutal penitentiary, Dannemora.

It should have been the end of Luciano's career. But then something happened that no one suspected - WWII.

Operation Underworld

On April 11, 1942, Meyer Lansky had breakfast at a restaurant on West 58th Street with Luciano's lawyer, Moses Polakoff, District Attorney Gurfein, and Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) Commander Charles Haffenden.

The topic of the conversation was German U-Boats. Between December 7, 1941, and February 28, 1942, the Germans had sunk 71 merchant ships off the east coast. American military intelligence was convinced that German spies were operating in America's harbors and everyone was fully aware of who ran the waterfront.

This meeting wasn't an accident - Luciano had set it up. Albert's idea was to give the Navy a big chunk of sabotage, something so big that it would scare the Navy to death.

The sabotage that Albert and his brother were talking about was the sinking of a ship in the West Side Manhattan port- the French luxury liner, the SS Normandie- a ship that was being slated to be turned into a troopship for the Allies. Luciano thought it was a great plan. It would get the attention of the Navy and wouldn't truly affect the war effort since the ship was nowhere ready for war. The plan was set in motion. Withing twenty-four hours the SS Normandie was gutted and wrecked. Naval Intelligence was charged preventing anything like this to happen again, since it was obvious that German spies had done this. That is when the U.S. Government turned to organized crime for help and began the idea of "Operation Underworld."

Lansky suggested that Luciano might be more willing to cooperate if he was transferred to a "better facility". The ONI leaned on the prison authority and shortly afterwards Luciano was transferred to the new Great Meadows prison outside of Albany.

Over the next several weeks there was a constant shuffle of mafia captains through the Great Meadows facility receiving personal instructions. Lucky was also meeting with the ONI in order for military agents to infiltrate the mob-controlled International Longshoremen's Association (ILA).

During that time labor leader Harry Bridges was trying to get workers to abandon the corrupt ILA and join the independent International Longshoremen and Warehouseman's Union. Bridges was beaten up in 1942 while trying to organize the New York docks. From 1942 to 1946 there were twenty-six unsolved murders of labor leaders and dockworkers.

Back in Sicily

So why did Don Calogero cooperate with the American military via Lucky's intervention? For two reasons:

1) Mussolini started a war against the mafia in 1924. Hundreds of mafia leaders had been rounded up, tortured, and then shot in the public square of Palermo. The tactics were similar to what was used during a Holy Inquisition. By 1943 most of the Sicilian mafia had either been killed, imprisoned, or forced into exile.

"The mafia is dead, a new Sicily is born." - NY Times headline, 1939

2) As the American army marches across Sicily, they discovered that the main opposition to the fascist government was communists. Wanting to free up troops from garrison duty for the front lines, their choice was to either turn to the communists, or the mafia.

They chose the mafia.

the Fascist army had long since deserted, and Don Calogero's Mafia seemed far more reliable at guaranteeing public order than Mussolini's powerless carabinieri. So, in July the Civil Affairs Control Office of the U.S. army appointed Don Calogero mayor of Villalba. In addition, ANIGOT appointed loyal mafiosi as mayors in many of the towns and villages in western Sicily...

To combat expected Communist gains, occupation authorities used Mafia officials in the AMGOT administration. Since any changes in the island's feudal social structure would cost the Mafia money and power, the "honored society" was a natural anti-Communist ally. So confident was Don Calogero of his importance to AMGOT that he killed Villalba's overly inquisitive police chief to free himself of all restraints.

[...]

Don Calogero rendered other services to the anti-Communist effort by breaking up leftist political rallies. On September 16, 1944, for example, the Communist leader Girolama Li Causi held a rally in Villalba that ended abruptly in a hail of gunfire as Don Calogero's men fired into the crowd and wounded nineteen spectators. Michele Pantaleone, who observed the Mafia's revival in his native village of Villalba, described the consequences of AMGOT's occupation policies:

By the beginning of the Second World War, the Mafia was restricted to a few isolated and scattered groups and could have been completely wiped out if the social problems of the island had been dealt with . . . the Allied occupation and the subsequent slow restoration of democracy reinstated the Mafia with its full powers, put it once more on the way to becoming a political force, and returned to the Onorata Societa the weapons which Fascism had snatched from it.

In other words, the rise of the Sicilian mafia during and after WWII was because of a decision by the American military. The responsibility for decades of violence and the hundreds of innocent deaths in Italy's battle against the mafia since 1943 can be at least partly attributed to America.

Lucky's Reward

On VE Day, Moses Polakoff filed a petition seeking clemency for Luciano based on his "important aid to the military authorities." On December 3, 1945, the New York State Parole Board vote to grant clemency to Luciano on the condition that he be deported to Italy.

On February 9, 1946, a large group of mobsters gathered at the docks to see off Luciano. Lansky was nice enough to hand him a suitcase containing $1 Million. Over the next five years over 500 other mobsters were deported to Italy, becoming Lucky's new army in Italy.

Lucky's primary business was still heroin. It was shipped from Italy to Cuba, where it was adulterated and then smuggled into Miami and New York. Gradually Lucky's heroin empire grew until it had surpassed its 1936 levels. In other words, the heroin plague of the 1950's and 1960's can be traced back to the American intelligence service and their poor choice of allies.

When the ONI realized how embarrassing their role in getting Luciano released might look given his huge heroin enterprise, they ordered that all relevant documents be destroyed. Nevertheless, the information leaked out a few decades later.

Lucky Luciano died of a heart attack in Naples, Italy, on January 26, 1962.

Time Magazine nominated Luciano as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th Century.

http://www.bitsofnews.com/content/view/6796/

Saturday, August 23, 2008

Hitler's Chemists Chased Auschwitz Profits, Financed Mengele

Review by James Pressley

Aug. 8 (Bloomberg) -- A sweet stench filled the site in occupied Poland where chemical maker I.G. Farbenindustrie AG was building a factory to feed Adolf Hitler's tanks and bombers with synthetic rubber and fuel.

Amid the hammering, barking dogs and screaming kapos, emaciated men unloaded cement bags at a trot, bent under iron girders, and died like animals. All around milled I.G. Farben men -- ``quiet men in impeccable civilian clothes,'' as one survivor recalled, ``picking their way through corpses they did not want to see, measuring timbers with bright yellow folding rules.''

This was Buna-Werke, a.k.a. I.G. Auschwitz, and the cloying smell came from the crematoriums at Birkenau.

Buna-Werke was I.G. Farben's single biggest investment ever, the site where eight years of Nazi collaboration culminated in ``a carefully planned process of extermination through labor,'' as Diarmuid Jeffreys writes in his damning new history, ``Hell's Cartel: I.G. Farben and the Making of Hitler's War Machine.''

Jeffreys is a British journalist and television producer whose previous book, ``Aspirin,'' recounted how German chemical makers pioneered that painkiller. In ``Hell's Cartel,'' he draws on Nuremberg tribunal documents, corporate and state archives, memoirs and his own interviews with survivors to explore the dark side of I.G. Farben, which was once the world's fourth-largest industrial concern.

The leading lights of the German chemical makers that merged into I.G. Farben in 1925 had invented breakthrough drugs, succeeded in mass-producing fertilizer and won Nobel Prizes.

Chemical Weapons

They also had shown a disturbing willingness to put German nationalism -- and profits -- ahead of humanity: Fritz Haber, the scientist renowned for ``fixing'' nitrate, also engineered the first poison-gas attack in World War I.
Jeffreys brings a rare combination of forensic acumen and narrative flair to bear on the material. Tracing the story back to the 19th century, he exposes the historical logic, financial pressures and moral failings that would place sophisticated executives and scientists at the heart of Hitler's strategy of autarky and conquest.

The real madness began in the 1920s, when I.G. Farben gambled its future on breakthrough technology: synthetic gasoline made from coal. The bet was predicated on research that concluded the world was running out of oil.
The first Leuna gasoline went on sale in 1927. Barely three years later, massive oil reserves were discovered in Texas, then more in the Mideast. As the Great Depression drove down demand, Leuna's prospects looked grim.

Secret Luftwaffe

When the Nazis came to power in 1933, a new market emerged: Hermann Goering was building his illegal military air force, and the secret Luftwaffe needed stealth supplies of aviation fuel.

By the end of 1933, the Reich agreed to buy all of the Leuna factory's output that couldn't be sold on the market, Jeffreys says. That same year, I.G. Farben donated more than 4.5 million Reich marks to Nazi Party funds, he says.

The cooperation deepened as I.G. Farben bosses joined the Nazi Party, worked on government commissions, dismissed Jewish workers and executives. How central was the company to Hitler's war? Here's how Jeffreys describes the Luftwaffe's dependence on I.G. Farben products as Germany prepared to invade Poland:
"The Heinkel and Junkers Stuka bombers that would launch attacks on Warsaw, Krakow, Lodz and Lublin were largely made from the I.G.'s light metals. Around 75 percent of their engines were produced from high-grade I.G. nickel, their fuselages from I.G. aluminum, their wings from I.G. magnesium.'
'
The company supplied the fuel and oils. More than 90 percent of the phosphorous incendiaries they carried were made from I.G. Farben materials.

Financing Mengele

Later, at Auschwitz, the company financed the diabolical experiments of Josef Mengele and supplied the Zyklon B used in the gas chambers.

After the war, I.G. Farben was broken up and 23 of its executives were tried in Nuremberg. Most resorted to blanket denials of wrongdoing: They acted under orders, didn't dare oppose Hitler, and had no idea prisoners were being murdered.

Though 13 were found guilty of crimes including plunder, slavery and mass murder, the stiffest sentence was eight years in prison. By early 1951, all had been released on good behavior. They returned to boardrooms at German companies including I.G. Farben successors BASF AG, Bayer AG and Hoechst AG.

Some evil in Nazi Germany was born of cowardice, and some sprang from greed and ambition. Jeffreys leaves no doubt about which variety of malevolence motivated I.G. Farben.

"Hell's Cartel'' is from Bloomsbury in the U.K. and from Metropolitan in the U.S. (406 pages, 20 pounds, $32).

(James Pressley writes for Bloomberg News. The opinions expressed are his own.)

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=a931TWBEmRns&refer=muse